Helminths – FRCPath Part 2 Short Notes

1. Trematodes (Flukes)

Schistosoma spp.

Clonorchis sinensis / Opisthorchis spp.

Small operculated egg

Fasciola hepatica

Paragonimus westermani

2. Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Taenia saginata / Taenia solium

Differences: saginata is cattle, tapeworms longer (up to 10m), unarmed, more uterine branches, intestinal only.

Echinococcus granulosus (dog) / multilocularis (fox)

Diphyllobothrium latum

Hymenolepis nana

3. Nematodes (Roundworms)

Ascaris lumbricoides

Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)

Strongyloides stercoralis

Hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus)

Trichinella spiralis

Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea Worm)

Toxocara canis/cati

Filarial worms

4. Tissue Nematodes (Zoonotic)

Anisakis spp.

Capillaria philippinensis

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